Which 18th-century invention played a crucial role in the rise of science and research during the Enlightenment by allowing detailed observation of the natural world?

The microscope

The development and improvement of the microscope in the 18th century opened new avenues for scientific research, enabling unprecedented exploration of the microscopic world. This invention revolutionized biology and medicine by allowing scientists to observe cells, microorganisms, and the internal structures of living organisms, which was previously impossible. The use of the microscope thus contributed to many important discoveries of the Enlightenment, promoting a deeper understanding of nature and vital processes.