Which tsar initiated the process of modernization and westernization of Russia in the 17th century?

Peter the Great

Peter the Great is famous for transforming Russia into a major European power. His incognito journey to Europe, where he even worked as a ship's carpenter, illustrates his deep commitment to learning and innovation. During his reign, St. Petersburg was founded, becoming Russia's "window to Europe." Peter introduced reforms in almost every aspect of Russian society, from administration to the military, including the creation of a powerful Russian navy. His legacy endures in the modern image of Russia as a bridge between East and West.