Which treatise by John Locke laid the theoretical foundations for political liberalism and the concept of natural human rights?

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In "Two Treatises of Government," first published in 1689, John Locke challenged the divine right of kings and laid the foundations of modern political liberalism. He articulated the principles of popular sovereignty, separation of powers, and introduced the idea that government must be founded on the consent of the governed, protecting the natural rights of man to life, liberty, and property. These concepts profoundly influenced the American and French revolutions and continue to underpin liberal democracies around the world.